The science behind skin ageing
Skin ageing occurs through two main pathways: intrinsic ageing (driven by genetics and time) and extrinsic ageing (driven by environment and lifestyle). Research consistently shows that extrinsic factors โ especially UV exposure and smoking โ can add years to skin appearance beyond what genetics alone would produce.
Key factors and research
| Factor | Effect on Skin Age | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic UV exposure (unprotected) | Accounts for 80โ90% of visible facial ageing changes | Flament et al., 2013 |
| Daily SPF 30+ use | Can visibly reduce photoageing signs vs no sunscreen | Hughes et al., 2013 |
| Smoking | Smokers can appear 1.4 years older per decade of smoking | Ernster et al., 1995 |
| Sleep deprivation | Accelerates skin barrier dysfunction and moisture loss | Oyetakin-White et al., 2015 |
| Dietary antioxidants | Associated with reduced UV-induced damage | Boelsma et al., 2003 |
Sources
- Flament F, et al. "Effect of the sun on visible clinical signs of aging in Caucasian skin." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 2013.
- Hughes MCB, et al. "Sunscreen and prevention of skin aging." Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013.
- Ernster VL, et al. "Facial wrinkling in men and women." American Journal of Epidemiology. 1995.
- Oyetakin-White P, et al. "Does poor sleep quality affect skin ageing?" Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2015.